Difference between revisions of "OXP howto texture"
Draco Caeles (talk | contribs) (→Textures from a wings3D model) |
Cholmondely (talk | contribs) (Added note to the Note) |
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+ | [[File:Untextured Odyssey.png|thumb|right|200px|Maaarcooose's finished model of the Odyssey, prior to texturing]] |
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+ | [[File:U31 odyssey.png|thumb|right|200px|Textured Odyssey]] |
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+ | Note that possibilities have increased immensely since this was written in 2006. See [http://aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=19881 A Description of the Improved Lighting and Materials System] (2018-21) for details. |
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+ | __TOC__ |
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+ | |||
+ | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
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+ | {{OXPNote|This page was last properly edited in 2006, before the introduction of shaders and well before [[User:Another commander|Another commander]]'s work on Oolite introducing specular & gloss maps, the new Oren-Nayar diffuse light model, high-definition graphic resolution ''etc''. The links are more up-to-date.}} |
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+ | |||
+ | |||
== Step 1 == |
== Step 1 == |
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Open a good [[List of software|graphic editing application]], something a bit more elaborate than MS-paint. |
Open a good [[List of software|graphic editing application]], something a bit more elaborate than MS-paint. |
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+ | Tip: [http://www.aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?p=258574#p258574 Gsagostinho (2017)]: I think I am addicted to Wings3D, learned how to use it in just a few days after banging my head against Blender's wall for years. |
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=== Custom texture native models === |
=== Custom texture native models === |
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=== Textures from a wings3D model === |
=== Textures from a wings3D model === |
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− | After you have created a model, you need to apply an [ |
+ | After you have created a model, you need to apply an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mapping UV-Map], this defines the way your future texture-file will be stretched accross your model. |
Use hard edges to mark where to 'cut' the textures. |
Use hard edges to mark where to 'cut' the textures. |
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− | There are two ways Wings-3D will extract an |
+ | There are two ways Wings-3D will extract an UV-Map: |
(1) Fold: like a papermodel, the model is folded out to the flat plane of the texture. Can be usefull for small details, but may be difficult to line up correctly. |
(1) Fold: like a papermodel, the model is folded out to the flat plane of the texture. Can be usefull for small details, but may be difficult to line up correctly. |
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(2) Projection: the less complicated approach, will project (average normal) the sections unto the texture canvas. |
(2) Projection: the less complicated approach, will project (average normal) the sections unto the texture canvas. |
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− | Move around the sections untill you are satisfied. Then create a texturemap from the |
+ | Move around the sections untill you are satisfied. Then create a texturemap from the UV-Map, do not forget to set 'draw all lines' in the options. |
− | Repeat this for all |
+ | Repeat this for all UV's the model uses. Close the UV-window and rename the texture file in the 'outliner'. Export the file. |
(note: win-wings does not support PNG-format, use BMP) |
(note: win-wings does not support PNG-format, use BMP) |
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You may want to look at Daniel Walker's [[F_C_Textures|texture guide]]. |
You may want to look at Daniel Walker's [[F_C_Textures|texture guide]]. |
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− | Beginners and non-2D-artists may prefer to begin [[ |
+ | Beginners and non-2D-artists may prefer to begin [[Modelling_103:_Texturing_for_the_2D_Challenged|here]], instead. |
− | == |
+ | == Step 2 == |
Now edit the file in your graphic software. |
Now edit the file in your graphic software. |
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When you are satisfied with your results, save and go back to wings3D. |
When you are satisfied with your results, save and go back to wings3D. |
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Most probably you have saved under a new filename, so 'import-image' it. |
Most probably you have saved under a new filename, so 'import-image' it. |
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− | Now drag the edited texture to it's corresponding |
+ | Now drag the edited texture to it's corresponding UV-Map. |
− | Your texture should now appear on the model (place some |
+ | Your texture should now appear on the model (place some light sources first). |
Check if all the various parts line up correctly. |
Check if all the various parts line up correctly. |
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− | Edit the texture some more if you are not impressed with your results, save under the same name and in wings3D select 'refresh' image in the outliner. |
+ | Edit the texture some more if you are not impressed with your results, save under the same name and in wings3D select 'refresh' image in the outliner. |
− | |||
− | |||
== Export model == |
== Export model == |
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win-wings users: |
win-wings users: |
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− | * Export in *. |
+ | * Export in *.obj + *.mtl. |
− | * Rename the texture references in the |
+ | * Rename the texture references in the mtl-file from *.bmp to *.png) |
− | * Open texturefiles and save as *. |
+ | * Open texturefiles and save as *.png. |
− | * [[ |
+ | * [[Oolite Converters|Convert]] the obj+mtl files to *.dat format via Obj2DatTexNorm.py. |
+ | |||
+ | == Important comment from a_c == |
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+ | Some lighting and material tips here: |
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+ | |||
+ | 1. Decide what your ship should look like early on. Decide on the type of materials you need for each single part of it. Don't just go with it thinking that you just need to "dress it up" with a texture. If you do, it will most likely end up looking like the texture is a piece of color paper wrapped around a model. |
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+ | |||
+ | 2. Materials are divided into two major categories: metals and dielectrics (i.e. non-metals). Here are some basic guidelines for each: |
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+ | |||
+ | '''Metals''': |
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+ | - Specular: Usually white or some shade of gray, values usually in the range of 0.65 - 0.75. Metals can have tinted specular too, e.g. gold, copper. You define this tint in the specular map or with specular_color. |
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+ | - Gloss: Up to the artist. Experiment until you see something you like. |
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+ | - Diffuse: Pure metals always have black diffuse color. |
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+ | |||
+ | '''Dielectrics''': |
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+ | - Specular: Very low. Usually around (0.04, 0.04, 0.04). Dielcetrics never have tinted specular, unless you are trying to create impossible materials. Things like water have even less specular. For example, the specular value used for the ocean specular reflections in the Lave is Earth OXP is 0.02. Some materials may have slightly different specular values, but normally they are low and materials with specular at around 0.4-0.5 are extremely rare to non-existent. If you are unsure what value to use for your material and you know it is a dielectric, use 0.04. |
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+ | - Gloss: Depends. Normally on the artist and the appearance they want to achieve. Plastic for example usually has high gloss values but it is not a rule, just a guideline. |
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+ | - Diffuse: Whatever color your material is. Important - DO NOT include lighting information in a diffuse map - it will look totally off when viewed from the wrong angles. Just put the color of the material there and let the shaders decide on how the lighting will look. |
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+ | |||
+ | 3. The type of material you want to use is not what your object of interest is made of, but what it is on the surface that will reflect the light. Practical example: If your ship is made of titanium and has a coat of paint all over it, the material you want to try to reproduce is paint (which is dielectric) and not titanium. |
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+ | |||
+ | 4. Re normal maps - Try to make details that have a purpose on them. The Arachnid above has a normal map with lots of details, but they are just fluff without purpose. Griff's ships have details on the normal map that seem to outline objects that "do something". The Serpent class above also. |
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+ | |||
+ | 5. Generally speaking, you will get much better results if you use spec and gloss maps rather than numeric values for spec and gloss in the material definition. The reason is that you can describe much better the variations of materials over your surface. You can also describe variations within the same material (e.g. a shiny ship that has a part of a wing that's rusty or dusty - this can be achieved only by texture). |
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+ | |||
+ | 6. Gloss is where an artist has completely free reign. While the other properties are more or less governed by physics, gloss is whatever you want it to be. That is your chance to be truly creative. |
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+ | |||
+ | [http://www.aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?p=271594#p271594 Some lighting and material tips] ([[User:Another_commander|Another_commander]] 2020) |
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+ | |||
== Internal Links == |
== Internal Links == |
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*[[OXP howto]] |
*[[OXP howto]] |
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*[[OXP howto model]] |
*[[OXP howto model]] |
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− | |||
+ | === Other texture tutorials === |
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+ | *[[Smivs'_texture_tutorial]] (2010) |
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+ | *[[Texturing tips and tricks by Theta Seven]] (2017 - a follow-up to Smivs' tutorial) |
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+ | *[[F C Textures]]: howto texture by Flying Circus (2006: pre-shaders; mirror planing a texture using Wings3D & Gimp) |
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+ | === Other help === |
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+ | * [[Materials_in_Oolite]] - further information about textures in Oolite. |
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+ | *[[Oolite Converters]] (links to helper scripts ''etc'') |
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== External Links == |
== External Links == |
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*[http://www.wings3d.com/ Wings3D official home] |
*[http://www.wings3d.com/ Wings3D official home] |
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− | *[http://www. |
+ | *[http://www.wings3d.com/paulthepuzzles/aardvarks.html Tuts and tips Wings3D (2008), by Aardvark] |
+ | *[https://www.youtube.com/user/MrDertien/videos YouTube classes in Wings3D] (2013-4) by [[Dertien]] |
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+ | *[http://aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?p=69600#69600 Textures in GIMP] (2009) by SimonB |
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+ | |||
+ | *[http://aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=5580 Skinner's Den] 11 pages of texturing tips |
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+ | *[http://aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?p=264830#p264830 Putting it all together] (2018) by [[User:Phkb|Phkb]] |
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+ | *[http://aegidian.org/bb/viewtopic.php?p=271594#p271594 Lighting & Materials tips] for the newer versions of Oolite (2020) by [[User:Another_commander|Another_commander]] |
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− | [[Category:Oolite]][[Category:Factual]] |
+ | [[Category:Oolite]] [[Category:Factual]] [[Category:Oolite scripting]] |
Latest revision as of 22:32, 29 December 2021
Note that possibilities have increased immensely since this was written in 2006. See A Description of the Improved Lighting and Materials System (2018-21) for details.
Contents
Step 1
Open a good graphic editing application, something a bit more elaborate than MS-paint.
Tip: Gsagostinho (2017): I think I am addicted to Wings3D, learned how to use it in just a few days after banging my head against Blender's wall for years.
Custom texture native models
You can create custom textures for any Oolite native entities, the steps to follow are:
- Edit the chosen native texture to your own liking.
- Duplicate the chosen Xnative_ship.dat model, and alter the file name. Open the copy in a text editor, and change all referances from Xnative_ship.png to the name of your custom_texture.png.
- Create a custom shipdata.plist, with a like_ship entry which refers to the original, and place your components into the appropriate folders, making a complete, funcional OXP.
Textures from a wings3D model
After you have created a model, you need to apply an UV-Map, this defines the way your future texture-file will be stretched accross your model. Use hard edges to mark where to 'cut' the textures.
There are two ways Wings-3D will extract an UV-Map:
(1) Fold: like a papermodel, the model is folded out to the flat plane of the texture. Can be usefull for small details, but may be difficult to line up correctly.
(2) Projection: the less complicated approach, will project (average normal) the sections unto the texture canvas.
Move around the sections untill you are satisfied. Then create a texturemap from the UV-Map, do not forget to set 'draw all lines' in the options. Repeat this for all UV's the model uses. Close the UV-window and rename the texture file in the 'outliner'. Export the file. (note: win-wings does not support PNG-format, use BMP)
You may want to look at Daniel Walker's texture guide.
Beginners and non-2D-artists may prefer to begin here, instead.
Step 2
Now edit the file in your graphic software.
When you are satisfied with your results, save and go back to wings3D. Most probably you have saved under a new filename, so 'import-image' it. Now drag the edited texture to it's corresponding UV-Map. Your texture should now appear on the model (place some light sources first). Check if all the various parts line up correctly.
Edit the texture some more if you are not impressed with your results, save under the same name and in wings3D select 'refresh' image in the outliner.
Export model
Before you export, make sure the texture images are 'internal'. Export in *.dat-format.
win-wings users:
- Export in *.obj + *.mtl.
- Rename the texture references in the mtl-file from *.bmp to *.png)
- Open texturefiles and save as *.png.
- Convert the obj+mtl files to *.dat format via Obj2DatTexNorm.py.
Important comment from a_c
Some lighting and material tips here: 1. Decide what your ship should look like early on. Decide on the type of materials you need for each single part of it. Don't just go with it thinking that you just need to "dress it up" with a texture. If you do, it will most likely end up looking like the texture is a piece of color paper wrapped around a model. 2. Materials are divided into two major categories: metals and dielectrics (i.e. non-metals). Here are some basic guidelines for each: Metals: - Specular: Usually white or some shade of gray, values usually in the range of 0.65 - 0.75. Metals can have tinted specular too, e.g. gold, copper. You define this tint in the specular map or with specular_color. - Gloss: Up to the artist. Experiment until you see something you like. - Diffuse: Pure metals always have black diffuse color. Dielectrics: - Specular: Very low. Usually around (0.04, 0.04, 0.04). Dielcetrics never have tinted specular, unless you are trying to create impossible materials. Things like water have even less specular. For example, the specular value used for the ocean specular reflections in the Lave is Earth OXP is 0.02. Some materials may have slightly different specular values, but normally they are low and materials with specular at around 0.4-0.5 are extremely rare to non-existent. If you are unsure what value to use for your material and you know it is a dielectric, use 0.04. - Gloss: Depends. Normally on the artist and the appearance they want to achieve. Plastic for example usually has high gloss values but it is not a rule, just a guideline. - Diffuse: Whatever color your material is. Important - DO NOT include lighting information in a diffuse map - it will look totally off when viewed from the wrong angles. Just put the color of the material there and let the shaders decide on how the lighting will look. 3. The type of material you want to use is not what your object of interest is made of, but what it is on the surface that will reflect the light. Practical example: If your ship is made of titanium and has a coat of paint all over it, the material you want to try to reproduce is paint (which is dielectric) and not titanium. 4. Re normal maps - Try to make details that have a purpose on them. The Arachnid above has a normal map with lots of details, but they are just fluff without purpose. Griff's ships have details on the normal map that seem to outline objects that "do something". The Serpent class above also. 5. Generally speaking, you will get much better results if you use spec and gloss maps rather than numeric values for spec and gloss in the material definition. The reason is that you can describe much better the variations of materials over your surface. You can also describe variations within the same material (e.g. a shiny ship that has a part of a wing that's rusty or dusty - this can be achieved only by texture). 6. Gloss is where an artist has completely free reign. While the other properties are more or less governed by physics, gloss is whatever you want it to be. That is your chance to be truly creative.
Some lighting and material tips (Another_commander 2020)
Internal Links
Other texture tutorials
- Smivs'_texture_tutorial (2010)
- Texturing tips and tricks by Theta Seven (2017 - a follow-up to Smivs' tutorial)
- F C Textures: howto texture by Flying Circus (2006: pre-shaders; mirror planing a texture using Wings3D & Gimp)
Other help
- Materials_in_Oolite - further information about textures in Oolite.
- Oolite Converters (links to helper scripts etc)
External Links
- Wings3D official home
- Tuts and tips Wings3D (2008), by Aardvark
- YouTube classes in Wings3D (2013-4) by Dertien
- Textures in GIMP (2009) by SimonB
- Skinner's Den 11 pages of texturing tips
- Putting it all together (2018) by Phkb
- Lighting & Materials tips for the newer versions of Oolite (2020) by Another_commander